8 agosto 2022

Fronteras Tecnológicas: La Nueva Migración Digital

Por Florinda Pargas Gabaldón.

La historia de los seres humanos está estrechamente vinculada al avance de la tecnología. Nuestros pasos generan innovaciones y las innovaciones nos muestran nuevos caminos. La tecnología nos asombra, nos emociona y nos asusta, con las transformaciones que ella provoca. Podemos mencionar la tecnología agropecuaria, asociada a nuestra sedentarización. La fabricación de metales y otras innovaciones (la moneda, el arado de hierro, la pólvora, el éter), y como todo eso modificó nuestra historia de manera definitiva.

A finales del siglo 18, el impacto fue aún mayor, generando lo que hoy llamamos la Revolución Industrial. Todas las creaciones anteriores eran herramientas que auxiliaban determinado trabajo humano. El desarrollo de máquinas, que podían funcionar solas, con mecanismos más complejos, marcan el desarrollo del modelo tecnológico de la fábrica (iniciado en el sector textil, con los telares mecánicos y la máquina de vapor), promoviendo la automatización de los procesos.

Todo el siglo 19 y los inicios del siglo 20 marcaron el camino de la Segunda Revolución Industrial, con un multiplicidad de invenciones que transformaron nuestras vidas: en la medicina (antibióticos, vacunas, analgésicos), en el transporte (barcos a vapor, ferrocarriles, aviones, automóviles), en las comunicaciones (el grabador, el micrófono, la radio, el telégrafo, el teléfono), en la vida doméstica (la cocina a gas, la nevera, el congelador), en la industria y en  tantas otras áreas de nuestra vida cotidiana, a veces imperceptibles. El efecto de estas innovaciones y su impacto en nuestra calidad de vida, llevo a la humanidad de 1 billón de personas en 1800 a más de 7 billones en el siglo 21.

En la segunda mitad del siglo 20 se activó la Tercera Revolución Industrial, caracterizada por nuevos métodos de gestión de proyectos, virtualización de la economía y el desarrollo de la informática, desarrollando computadores y procesadores cada vez más pequeños, rápidos y eficientes, lo cual permitió su masificación. Esta masificación de la tecnología informática, inicia una profunda transformación en los sectores, educativos, empresariales y sociales, gestando cambios culturales profundos en nuestras formas de ser, hacer y conocer.

Hoy en día, algunos teóricos ya hablan de la Cuarta Revolución Industrial. El debate se centra en si las tecnologías que se están desarrollando en el siglo 21 son realmente diferentes a las desarrolladas durante la Tercera Revolución Industrial. Lo que si resulta evidente es el impacto profundo, disruptivo y transformador sobre todos los sectores del quehacer humano (política, cultura, economía, familia, sociedad, educación) de manera exponencial. A diferencia del siglo 20, hoy en día consumimos información, productos y servicios, a través de la tecnología, de manera transversal e interactiva, usando y siendo usados, como parte de un proceso sistémico.

La tecnología ya no es solo una herramienta o una máquina que nos facilita la vida, estamos habitando en ella, no son solo compañeras de viaje, son parte del camino y del paisaje, interactuando activamente en nuestro trabajo, consumo y relaciones interpersonales. El algoritmo sabe más de nosotros y nuestros perfiles psicográficos, que nosotros mismos. El metaverso no necesita promover su llegada, ya habitamos en él, desde la escuela, trabajo y relacionamiento social. ¿Qué efecto está teniendo sobre nosotros? ¿Cómo está transformando nuestra realidad y esencia humana? ¿hacia dónde vamos? ¿Cuáles los nuevos territorios que debemos transitar? ¿A dónde nos llevan estas nuevas fronteras digitales?

Tal como lo señala nuestro amigo y colaborador Jorge Enrique Gómez , en su artículo La era digital, la tecnoantropología y las nuevas culturas organizacionales 4.0 “ Las empresas tradicionales y las emergentes deberán adaptarse a los nuevos escenarios, medios y nichos globales de acciones colaborativas, como el tránsito necesario en el cual deben converger los ingenieros, diseñadores, programadores, ejecutivos, psicólogos y antropólogos para juntos lograr vincular la tecnología y cultura, con ello el surgimiento de: “La tecnoantropología, como la gran innovación operativa en la que convergen  la antropología, la sociología, la ingeniería, el diseño, la informática y los estudios de mercado; “Cuando estos tres ámbitos coinciden, es fácil identificar la emergencia de una cultura de grupo y otra del trabajo, un conocimiento aplicado y un saber hacer que prospera en la investigación de las intersecciones entre tecnología y cultura: el espacio de la tecnocultura, en el sentido más amplio del término” (Maximino Matus Ruiz / Jordi Colobrans Delgado / Artur Serra Hurtado, 2018).”

Como todo proceso de cambio y transformación, la migración digital genera grandes oportunidades, pero también brechas que agravan las desigualdades, dependencias, vulnerabilidades y aislamiento. La disrupción activa una crisis, retos y desafíos que deben ser abordados y confrontados. Las instituciones, las empresas, los individuos, todos nos encontramos ante la necesidad de la migración digital sin demora, analizando con prudencia el riesgo de las decisiones que se tomen, para avanzar hacia nuevos escenarios, nuevas fronteras tecnológicas, sin dejar a nadie atrás. Es una larga e incierta travesía, un viaje a nuevos horizontes, que requiere nuevos estilos de liderazgos, empáticos e inspiradores.

Si quieres conocer más sobre cómo esta migración digital está retando y desafiando a los nuevos liderazgos, para afrontar la dinámica disruptiva del cambio y transformación de paradigmas, te invito a leer mi articulo Migración Digital: el gran reto del Líder 4.0

Florinda Pargas Gabaldón

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688 comentarios

  1. Felicitaciones, excelente artículo y permite al lector realizar una serie de preguntas y reflexiones, poniendo en contexto de dónde venimos (pasado y evolución) y hacia donde podemos llegar (futuro). Si somos capaces de entender y desarrollar una tecnología cada vez más humana.

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  2. Excelente artículo, que invita a la reflexión y a la necesidad de seguir conociendo sobre la nueva transformación digital

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