28 julho 2021

Do Pensamento 4.0 à Sociedade 5.0: desafios da transformação digital.

Por Florinda Pargas Gabaldón.

A Alemanha começa a desenvolver o conceito de Quarta Revolução Industrial (4RI) e Indústria 4.0, desde 2013 e o apresenta oficialmente ao mundo no Fórum Econômico Mundial 2016 (em Davos-Klosters), da mão de Klaus Schwab. Em seu livro, A Quarta Revolução Industrial, o Professor Schwab, fundador e CEO do Fórum Econômico Mundial, descreve como essa quarta revolução é fundamentalmente diferente das três anteriores, que foram caracterizadas principalmente por avanços na tecnologia.

A primeira revolução industrial marcou a transição da produção manual para a mecanizada entre 1760 e 1830. A segunda, por volta de 1850, trouxe eletricidade e permitiu a fabricação em massa. A terceira teve que esperar até meados do século 20, com a chegada da eletrônica, da informática e das telecomunicações.

O conceito 4RI tem suas origens na estratégia de alta tecnologia do governo alemão para levar sua produção para a independência total do trabalho humano (a fábrica inteligente), que define seis campos prioritários: economia digital e sociedade, energia sustentável, ambientes inovadores para o trabalho, vida saudável, mobilidade inteligente e segurança civil.

Porém, o processo de transformação, na perspectiva da Indústria 4.0, só beneficia aqueles que são capazes de inovar e se adaptar, em contraposição à visão inclusiva do modelo da Sociedade 5.0 (que implica não deixar ninguém para trás), apoiado em tecnologias.

Esse olhar inclusivo, centrado no ser humano, para a criação de um novo tipo de sociedade inteligente, é o proposto pelo governo japonês. Suas origens devem ser encontradas no contexto da Iniciativa para a Revolução da Robótica no Japão de 2015-2016, uma resposta ao que se pensava na Europa, especialmente na Alemanha com sua Indústria 4.0, e na China com sua estratégia Made in China 2025.

O conceito de Sociedade 5.0 surgiu pela primeira vez em 2015 no âmbito do 5º Plano Básico de Ciência e Tecnologia para 2016-2021, e foi promovido pelo Gabinete do Primeiro-Ministro, Shinzo Abe, que o apresentou ao mundo na feira CeBIT de Hannover 2017 e de Keidanren, a Federação Empresarial Japonesa.

A Sociedade 5.0 nasceu como uma declaração do Governo Japonês, a partir da qual se trata de adaptar a indústria, a economia e a cultura para atingir os objetivos propostos. Uma forma de fazer isso é alinhando as ações e objetivos da Sociedade 5.0 com os Objetivos de Desenvolvimento Sustentável (ODS) do Programa das Nações Unidas para o Desenvolvimento (PNUD), definidos como “uma chamada universal para acabar com a pobreza, proteger o planeta e garantir que todos as pessoas desfrutam de paz e prosperidade até 2030 ”(PNUD, 2020)

Isso implica fortalecer uma rede de troca de informações e conhecimentos, promovendo entre as organizações uma forma diferenciada de gerir, trabalhar e se relacionar com as pessoas, exigindo dos líderes novas capacidades para enfrentar os desafios que se avizinham. Impulsionar o crescimento das organizações e sua adaptação à nova realidade, repleta de incertezas e mudanças aceleradas, exige líderes que ajudem a promover esse crescimento e assumam o desafio da mudança e da transformação.

Também é essencial colocar o ser humano e seu bem-estar integral, em equilíbrio com seu meio ambiente e ecossistemas, para atingir o objetivo proposto por este modelo de Sociedade 5.0 (a sociedade inteligente), não apenas do ponto de vista tecnológico, mas também de uma inteligência emocional e social. Ser capazes de tomar decisões eficazes e ajustadas às mudanças do ambiente, com criatividade e flexibilidade, estabelecendo o bem comum acima do indivídual, sem perder o foco na sustentabilidade.

A Sociedade 5.0 está enquadrada na Quarta Revolução Industrial, que traz consigo desenvolvimentos tecnológicos (hiperconectividade, adoção em massa de tecnologias, internet das coisas (IOT), inteligência artificial, entre outros), que repensam a dinâmica social, gerando preocupações e medos, aumentando lacunas e desigualdades, que devem ser abordadas. Esse é o principal desafio para que este novo modelo paradigmático deixe de ser apenas um olhar utópico para se tornar uma referência a seguir.

Paralelismo entre Revoluções Industriais e evolução da Sociedade Humana

Até agora, a tecnologia era um fim, mas agora começa a ser repensada como meio para alcançar o bem-estar das pessoas, uma evolução nas formas de trabalhar. Empresas, universidades e governo avanzando para modelos de trabalho colaborativo, assumindo os grandes desafios da transformação digital, por meio de um ecossistema integrado, com uma visão compartilhada de futuro criada com a participação de todos as partes interessadas. O objetivo é alcançar uma sociedade onde todos possam criar valor a qualquer momento e em qualquer lugar, em segurança e harmonia com a natureza e livre de várias das restrições que existem atualmente.

Serão necessários princípios e valores sólidos, sabedoria e ética para enfrentar a avassaladora capacidade tecnológica e liderar a favor da humanidade, superando os interesses pessoais e fazendo brilhar os interesses coletivos. Adaptação, flexibilidade e capacidade de trabalhar em meio ao caos e à diversidade, para dar respostas rápidas e geradoras de valor, promovendo inovação e respostas criativas às novas demandas planetárias.

Para atingir o objetivo inicial da Sociedade 5.0 de equilibrar a qualidade de vida das pessoas graças aos potenciais disponíveis das tecnologias emergentes de uma Indústria 4.0, requer uma mudança de paradigma individual, que chamei de Pensamento 4.0 (ver Ebook), um modelo que internaliza os aspectos lógicos e pragmáticos do conceito 4RI, partindo de um processo de mudança no modelo educacional global, para gerar um novo talento que assuma as rédeas da mudança social, cultural e produtiva.

O pensamento 4.0 como articulador entre o 4RI e a Sociedade 5.0

Esta mudança de pensamento individual e coletivo, incorporando o novo modelo do Pensamento 4.0, é o que pode gerar uma nova ação mais sustentável para alcançar um progresso econômico mais saudável e sensível na resolução dos problemas sociais e ambientais, o que nos permite evoluir para uma sociedade mais inteligente (equilibrada emocional e tecnologicamente), que coloca o bem-estar humano e planetário à frente dos alcances produtivos da Indústria 4.0. Para alcançar uma transição bem-sucedida para uma Sociedade 5.0, além da transformação digital, é necessário que ela seja realizada de forma coerente, eqüitativa, inclusiva e sustentável.

Do seu ponto de vista e espaços de ação, o que você está fazendo para avançar neste processo de transição? Se você deseja suporte para enfrentar os desafios da transformação digital, com abordagem tecnológica, sustentabilidade e equilíbrio emocional, convido você a entrar em contato comigo.

Eu te escuto, te abraço e te acompanho.

Florinda Pargas Gabaldón

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